Depending on the gender of the subject, if the verb is regular, it gets "l", "la", "li", or "lo" ending. For example: The verb pisatj - писать (to write, and make sure to put the stress on the "a" the last syllable, because if you stress the first syllable, the "i", then the word becomes to pee ): malchik pisal - мальчик писал (boy wrote (or peed, if you stress the i)), devochka pisala - девочка писала (girl wrote), oblako pisalo - облако писало (cloud wrote). oni pisali - они писали (they wrote). This is the way to make past tense for most things, most of the time.
Certain actions could be described as happening to the object or the subject. For instance, the word to break is slomatj - сломать. So, you say: devochka slomala karandash - девочка сломала карандаш - (girl broke pencil), but you say karandash slomalsja - карандаш сломался (pencil broke). If you want to say that a pencil tore the paper, you say: karandash porval bumagu - карандаш порвал бумагу, but to say paper broke you say: bumaga porvalasj - бумага порвалась. A car can break the fence, but a car gets broken: mashina slomala zabor - машина сломала забор, but mashina slomalasj - машина сломалась. Some verbs already imply that whatever is happening is happening to it by itself. Let's say, you mixed yeast into the dough and left it alone to rise. You came back an hour later and it rose. So you say: testo podnjalosj - тесто поднялось. But there is a verb that means to swell - raspuhatj - распухать. And if you use it to say the dough swelled/puffed up/out, you'd say: testo raspuhlo - тесто распухло. So if you feel puffed out, you say: Ya raspuhla - я распухла. Other such verbs are: popolnetj - пополнеть (to get fatter), pohudetj - похудеть (to lose weight, literally, to get thinner), pokrasnetj - покраснеть (to blush), stemnetj - стемнеть (to get darker), posvetletj - посветлеть (to get lighter, like at dawn).
Certain actions could be described as happening to the object or the subject. For instance, the word to break is slomatj - сломать. So, you say: devochka slomala karandash - девочка сломала карандаш - (girl broke pencil), but you say karandash slomalsja - карандаш сломался (pencil broke). If you want to say that a pencil tore the paper, you say: karandash porval bumagu - карандаш порвал бумагу, but to say paper broke you say: bumaga porvalasj - бумага порвалась. A car can break the fence, but a car gets broken: mashina slomala zabor - машина сломала забор, but mashina slomalasj - машина сломалась. Some verbs already imply that whatever is happening is happening to it by itself. Let's say, you mixed yeast into the dough and left it alone to rise. You came back an hour later and it rose. So you say: testo podnjalosj - тесто поднялось. But there is a verb that means to swell - raspuhatj - распухать. And if you use it to say the dough swelled/puffed up/out, you'd say: testo raspuhlo - тесто распухло. So if you feel puffed out, you say: Ya raspuhla - я распухла. Other such verbs are: popolnetj - пополнеть (to get fatter), pohudetj - похудеть (to lose weight, literally, to get thinner), pokrasnetj - покраснеть (to blush), stemnetj - стемнеть (to get darker), posvetletj - посветлеть (to get lighter, like at dawn).
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